Abstract: Aquaculture is a rapidly growing industry that currently accounts for almost half of the fish used for human consumption worldwide. Intensive and semi-intensive practices are used to produce large stocks of fish, but frequent disease outbreaks occur, and the use of antimicrobials has become a customary practice to control them. The selective pressure exerted by these drugs, which are usually present at sub-therapeutic levels for prolonged periods in the water and the sediments, provides ideal conditions for the emergence and selection of resistant bacterial strains and stimulates horizontal gene transfer. It is now widely recognized that the passage of antimicrobial resistance genes and resistant bacteria from aquatic to terrestrial animal husbandry and to the human environment and vice versa can have detrimental effects on both human and animal health and on aquatic ecosystems. A global effort must be made to cease antimicrobial overuse in aquaculture and encourage stakeholders to adopt other disease prevention measures. Shaping a new path is crucial to contain the increasing threat of antimicrobial resistance.

中文摘要：水产养殖是一个快速发展的行业，目前占全球用于人类消费的鱼的几乎一半。大规模和半密集的做法被用于生产大量鱼类，但经常发生疾病暴发，使用抗菌剂已成为控制它们的习惯做法。这些药物施加的选择性压力通常在水中和沉积物中长期处于亚治疗水平，为抗性菌株的出现和选择提供了理想的条件，并且刺激了水平的基因转移。现在人们普遍认识到，抗菌素抗性基因和水生动物抗性细菌通过陆地畜牧业和人类环境，反之亦然可能对人类和动物健康以及水生生态系统产生不利影响。必须在全球范围内努力停止水产养殖中过度使用抗微生物药物，并鼓励利益攸关方采取其他疾病预防措施。塑造一条新的道路对于遏制日益增加的抗微生物药物耐药性威胁至关重要。（Google翻译，未整理，供参考）

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.03.010